Effects of growth regulators on metabolic activity of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum sativum L. seeds during germination 

Daria G. Teplitskaya, Assistant of the sub-department of general biology and biochemistry, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: Darya1991@yandex.ru
Galina A. Karpova, Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of general biology and biochemistry, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: pollylina@mail.ru 

Background. The transition of orthodox seeds from the state of induced dormancy to germination is determined by their metabolic status, when a stimulant is able to exert influence and a seed is able to respond to it. The first responses of the plant under exoge-nous influence on seeds are registered during germination. The analysis of physiological and biochemical processes observed at this stage of ontogenesis can help evaluate the effectiveness of the growth regulator used. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of Ribav-Extra, Epin-Extra, Mival-Agro and Cresacin on the metabolic activity Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum sativum L. seeds. Materials and methods. The study was con-ducted with the use of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Ekada 113 and spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.), variety Sura Favorite. Seeds were treated by soaking in Petri dish (50–100 pieces) on filter paper in growth regulator, the concentration was as follows: 3 · 10–4 l/l (Ribav-Extra), 5 · 10–4 l/l (Epin-Extra), 0.5 g/l (Mival-Agro), 1 · 10–3 l/l (Cresa-cin). Water entry rate was determined by the degree of seed swelling according to W. Ruge as described by O. Walter inthe interval of up to 48 hours. Peroxidase (PO) activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method (Verian Cary 50) with enzyme extraction from plant material with phosphate buffer. The results were recorded and after 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours from the beginning of swelling in dry grains. Results. Swelling of wheat and bar-ley grains both in check variation and in variants with growth regulators follows the classi-cal tendency of a three-phase water inflow. The end of the first swelling stage correspon-ding to 60 % moisture rate of wheat grains and moisture rate of barley grains was observed in check variants after 10 and 14 hours from the beginning of the experiment, respectively. The transition to germination, due to the threshold value of 74 % (wheat) was recorded after 36 hours of swelling. Krezacin and Ribav-Extra grain treatment shortens the time span of the main seed swelling stages by 2–24 hours. Peroxidase activity in barley and wheat grains after 4 hours of swelling in the check variations increased 1.6 and 1.9 times and increased progressively in the studied time interval of 24 hours. With the use of growth regu-lators the indices of PO activity in wheat grains exceed the control values by 2.0–3.2 times (4 hours), 1.9–3.1 times (8–24 hours); in barley grains by 2.7–4.3 times (4 hours), 2.2–3.3 times (8 hours), 1.9–3.1 times (12 hours), 1.9–2.0 times (24 hours). Conclusions. Growth regulators seed treatment shortens the time interval of the main stages of germina-tion, which leads to the activation of metabolic processes. The increase in peroxidase rate may be a criterion to estimate the effectiveness of the preparations in the process of seed swelling. 

growth regulators, seed swelling during germination, peroxidase activity 

Teplitskaya D.G., Karpova G.A. Effects of growth regulators on metabolic activity of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum sativum L. seeds during germination. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Estestvennye nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Natural sciences. 2022;(1):3–12. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2307- 9150-2022-1-1